Epigenetic research studies heritable changes in genome function that occur without alterations in DNA sequence. A central emerging concept proposes that there is an epigenetic code that considerably extends the information potential of the genetic code. In the nucleus of almost all eukaryotic cells, genomic DNA is highly folded and compacted with histone and non-histone proteins in a dynamic polymer called chromatin. Diverse biochemical modifications of chromatin (e.g. DNA methylation and histone acetylation, methylation or phosphorylation) occur in response to the environment and regulate gene expression patterns.

The Epigenome NoE supports an ambitious research programme structured around 8 topics ranging from chromatin modifications to cell fate and disease. The strength of this research programme lies in its focus on molecular mechanisms using complementary model systems. Using the expertise of the NoE members and building on the existing synergies, some of the big questions in modern epigenetic research will be addressed. There are far-reaching implications of epigenetic research for agriculture and for human biology and disease, including an understanding of stem cells, cancer and ageing.